Recent elections in the United States, Japan, and Europe have shown public dissatisfaction with global society and the economy. Commentaries on United States electoral politics have argued that globalization’s impact on the domestic economy—most significantly, the offshoring of manufacturing and subsequent loss of well-paying manufacturing jobs—was the key factor in shaping a polarized society, characterized by a large underclass that has not shared in economic prosperity. In Japan, although political polarization has not been as extreme, the last several decades have seen an increased precarity of labor. In this 2025 session of the Abe Fellows Global Forum, four leading experts …